Last Updated on September 3, 2024 by Maged kamel

Solved Problem For design strength of tension member.

Limit states for tension members.

Limit state of yielding and rupture and the corresponding values for φt= 0.75 and Ωt=2.00 for each case.

This table includes the various values for Fy and Fult; for ASTM A 36 and ASTM A 572, the grade should be specified as Fy= 42 ksi till 65 ksi; for ASTM A514 Fy= 100 ksi, Fy= 100 ksi.

A Solved problem 3-6-tensile strength for W section-bolted at flanges.

Our solved problem 3-6 is to determine the LRFD design tensile strength and the ASD allowable design tensile strength for a W10x45 with two lines of 3/4-inch-diameter bolts in each flange, using ASTM A572 grade 50, Fy=50 ksi, Fu=65 ksi, and the Aisc specification.

Each line has 3 bolts for both the upper and lower flange. Our first step is to get the area of the W section by using the relevant table for W10-45.
The area Ag=13.30 inch2. The diameter of each bolt is 3/4 inch. If we add 1/8 inch, the overall diameter will be 7/8 inch.
Back to the statement of this solved problem, the bolts are assumed to be at least three bolts. There is an item in the table that states “At least three bolts and more.” The U value can be obtained via the table.

Design strength by yielding for W section-LRFD-ASD.

We can evaluate the LRFD for ASD tensile strength by yielding, as shown in the following picture, for solved problems 3-6. In that calculation, we need only the gross area of the given section.

For LRFD,  Ag=3.30 inch2, Fy=50 ksi, φt =0.90, the φt *Pn=0.9*3.30*50=599  kips. This is the LRFD Nominal strength for design based on yielding.

For ASD, Ag=3.30 inch2, Fult=50 ksi,1/ Ωt =1/1.67, the 1/ Ωt *Pn=(1/1.67)*3.30*50=399 kips this is the ASD Nominal strength for design based on yielding.

How do we estimate the shear lag factor-U for the W section?

This is how we estimate U for W10x45 by converting to two WT 5×22.50, from which we can get the y bar value, which is 0.907, and consider it as the x bar in the equation of U=(1- x̅ /L). Use the equation U=(1- x̅ /L),  and then substitute by x̅ =0.907, we get U=0.8867.This is Case 2 for the shear lag factor value.

We can also Find the shear lag factor from case 7 for three fasteners or more.
If we use the tables for three fasteners, with bf/d>2/3, we have U=0.90, which is bigger than the previous value of U and hence can be used.

We have 4 bolts, 2 at the top flange and the other two at the lower flange; our dia of the bolt is 7/8 inch, and T flange=0.62″. We can estimate Ant=Agross-4*(7/8)*0.62=13.30-4*7/8*0.62 =11.13 inch2, Fult=65 ksi, as given in the solved problem.

After selecting the bigger value of U, which is equal to 0.90, we can get the effective area value.
For Aeff=Anet*U=11.13*0.90=10.02 inch2.

Tensile Yielding by LRFD= φ*Fy*Ag=599 kips, while Tensile rupture by LRFD can be estimated as φt*A eff*Fult=0.75*10.02*65=488.30 kips. For the LRFD tensile strength, take the minimum value of the LRFD Limit states for yielding and rupture as follows: φt*Pn=min of (599, 488.30)=488.30 kips.
 

Tensile Yielding by ASD= 1/Ωt*Fy*Ag=399 kips, while for tensile rupture by the ASD, it can be estimated as 1/Ωt*A eff*U*Fult=(1/2)*10.02*65=325.65 kips.

  For the ASD tensile strength, take the minimum value of the ASD Limit states for yielding and rupture as follows: (Pn/Ωt)=min(399, 325.6)=325.60 kips.

For the next post, A Solved problem 4-2 for shear Lag factor U.
Chapter 3 – Tension Members– A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Engineering is a great external resource.