Brief data for post-9D- tension post

9d-How to get an Effective area for a staggered bolted angle?

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How to get an Effective area for a staggered bolted angle?

In this post, I’ll discuss a solved problem involving the effective area of a staggered bolted angle. Problem 3-21: Determine the effective area of L7x4x1/2, as shown in Figure P3-21. Assume the holes are for bolts with a diameter of 1 inch.

The angle is called LLV, which stands for Long Leg Vertical. We have two lines of bolts in the long leg. The first line of bolts is 2 1/2 inches from the edge, and the gap between the two lines of bolts is 3 inches.

There is a concept of the length of connection, how do we measure it?

The first solved problem- how to get an Effective area for a staggered bolted angle?

In this problem we have an equal amount of bolts distributed in two rows, these bolts are staggered, and the length of connection is to be from the first bolt which is located in the first row to the last bolt which is located in the second row.

A Solved problem for the effective area for a staggered bolted angle.

The diameter of each bolt is one inch, we need to add 1/8 inch to get the diameter of the bolt hole. The hole diameter will be 1 1/8 inches.

We can get the area for L7x4x1/2 from the table, it will be equal to 5.26 inch2. The length of the connection will be (7*2=14 inches). The X bar distance is 0.91″.

Data for angle 7x4x1/2.

Estimation of the net area.

We will check the minimum value for the net area of the given angle by inspecting the first route line EAE’ which is a vertical line passing by one hole, for which the net area is the gross area minus the area of holes, the net area for this case is equal to 4.697 inch2.

We have staggered bolts, we will check another route E ABE’, that route passes by two staggered bolts, and the distance g is 3 inches, which is the vertical distance between the lines of bolts, while the spacing s is the distance between bolts in the direction of the load, S equals 2 inches.

For the second route, we will add the area of the staggered path and will deduct the area of holes, or the area of the two holes from the gross area of the angle.

The final value of the net area for the second route is equal to 4.302 inch ^2, which is less than the net area estimated from the first route.
The final net area is the minimum value of the two estimated values which equals 4.302 inch2.

Estimation of the minimum net area of the angle.

Estimation of the effective area.

We have two cases, case 2, where the shear lag factor U=1- x̅/ L, the value of U as equals (1-x barx̅/L)= (1-(0.91/14)=0.935.

Table D3.1 shear lag factor for tension members.

The second case is case 8b when we have the number of bolts in one line as four or more, the U value is 0.80. We will select the bigger U value which is 0.935.
Multiply U by the net area, the final effective area is 4.02 inch2.

The effective area for a staggered bolted angle- the first solved problem.

The second solved problem-Determine the service load capacity for a staggered bolted angle.

In this problem we have an equal amount of bolts distributed in two rows, these bolts are staggered, and the length of connection is to be from the first bolt which is located in the first row to the last bolt which is located in the second row.

Determine the service load capacity for a staggered angle-the second solved problem.

The next slide image shows the arrangement of the bolts for the given angle. we add 1/8 inches for the bolt diameter to get the hole diameter.

The arrangement of bolts for the angle.

We can get the area for L6x4x1/2 from the table, which will be equal to 4.75 inch2. The length of the connection will be (7*2=14 inches).the x bar value is 0.981 inches.

The data of the area and the value of x bar for the angle 6x4x1/2

We have two cases to consider for the connection, the first case is case 2 and the second case is case 8.

Table D3.1 shear lag factor for tension members.

Estimation of the net area.

We will check the route E ABE’, that route passes by two staggered bolts, and the distance g is 2 1/2 inches, which is the vertical distance between the lines of bolts, while the spacing s is the distance between bolts in the direction of the load, S equals 2 inches.

The first route area will pass by one bolt for which the net area equals (4.75-1*1/2*1)=4.25 inch2.

The final value of the net area for the route is equal to 3.95 inch2, which is less than the net area estimated from the first route.
The final value of net area is the minimum value of the two estimated values which equals 3.95 inch2.

Estimation of the effective area.

We have two cases, case 2, where the shear lag factor U=1- x̅/ L, we will estimate the value of U as equals (1-(0.981/14)=0.930.

The second case is case 8b when we have the number of bolts in one line as four or more, the U value is 0.80. We will select the bigger U value which is 0.93. Multiply U by the net area, the final effective area is 3.677 inch2.

The effective Area for a staggered bolted angle-second solved problem.

Service load capacity and the value of Dead and live loads.

We will find the nominal load due to yielding which equals the product of gross area by the yield stress, We have ASTM-A 592, grade 50 for which the yield stress is 50ksi, while the ultimate stress is 65ksi.

The nominal load for yielding will be equal to (4.75*50)=237.50 kips, the LRFD value is equal to (0.9*237.50)=213.75 kips.

The nominal load due to rupture equals the product of effective area by the ultimate stress, the nominal load for rupture will be equal to (3.673*65)=238.76 kips, and the LRFDvalue is equal to (0.75*238.76)=179 kips.

The minimum LRFD value is 179 kips, that is the service load capacity.
We shall equate to the ultimate load; because the live load equals three times the dead load, we can calculate that the dead load is 29.80 kips and the live load is 89.40 kips.

Service load capacity for the staggered bolted angle.

The next post is post #10, about the Introduction to block shear.

There is a very useful source- introduction to Tension members

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