Area and Cg for a circle.
Reference handbook 10.00 value for the area and Cg for a circle.
There is a list of the common round shapes area and CG value. Our first case is the case of a circle.
Area and Cg for a circle- select an area dA.
We have a circle with radius a, for which it is required to get the area and CG. We can find that there are two axes Xā and Yā dividing the circle into four similar parts. Due to that symmetry, we expect that the Cg or the center of gravity will be at the point of intersections of these two axes.
We have two axes X&Y are tangents to the circle and apart from the Xās axis by a value of a, which is the circle radius. We will select a small area dA that has a radius of Ļ from the intersection of the two axes Xā and Yā.

The small area dA has an angle from the Xā axis that is equal to Īø and is enclosed by an angle dĪø and a width equal to dĻ. The area of the strip dA=( Ļ*dĻ* dĪø).
Area and Cg for a circle- first moment of area about the xā-axis.
The first moment of area for the small area dA about the Xā-axis is the product of that area by the vertical distance to the Xā- axis. The vertical distance is y which is equal to Ļ*sin Īø. The moment dMx=dA*(y)=(Ļ*dĻ*d Īø)*(Ļ*sin Īø). it will be simplified to (Ļ^2*dĻ*sin Īø*dĪø).
For the first moment of area for the whole circle, we will use double integration since we have to integrate for Ļ from Ļ=0 to Ļ=a. the second integration os for the angle dĪø from Īø equal to zero to dĪø equal to 2*Ļ or 360 degrees. dA*y=ā¬(Ļ^2*dĻ*sin Īø*dĪø).
This is the value of the first integration will be ā«Ļ^2*dĻ from zero to a=1/3*Ļ^3 after substitution will lead to 1/3*(a^3-0)=a^3/3. While for the second integration ā«(sin Īø*dĪø)=-cos(Īø), after substituting from zero to 2*Ļ.
The value will be (- (cos(2*Ļ)- cos(0))=zero.
But the circle area can be found from the integration of dA= ā¬(Ļ*dĻ*dĪø) from Ļ=0 to Ļ=a and for dĪø from Īø equals zero to dĪø=2*Ļ, the final expression for the area is dA=Ļ^2*0.5*(Īø), substitute to get A=0.50*(a^2-0)*(2*Ļ-0)=Ļ*a^2.
Divide A*y/A to get Y bar will lead to ybar=0/Ļ*a^2=0. This includes that the Cg lies on the Xā axis.

The details of the calculations for the first moment of area for the circle about the Xā axis and the value of the area are shown in the next slide image.
Area and Cg for a circle- first moment of area about the Yā-axis.
The first moment of area dA about the yā-axis is dMy=dA*(x)=(Ļ*dĻ*d Īø)*(Ļ*cos Īø). it will be simplified to (Ļ^2*dĻ*cos Īø*dĪø).
For the first moment of area for the whole circle, we will use double integration since we have to integrate for Ļ from Ļ=0 to Ļ=a. The second integration os for the angle dĪø from Īø equal to zero to dĪø equal to 2*Ļ or 360 degrees. dA*y=ā¬(Ļ^2*dĻ*cos Īø*dĪø).
ā«Ļ^2*dĻ from zero to a=1/3*Ļ^3 after substitution will lead to 1/3*(a^3-0)=a^3/3, while the ā«(cos Īø*dĪø)=-cos(Īø), after substitute from zero to 2*Ļ. The value will be (+ (sin(2*Ļ)-sin(0))=zero.
We have estimated the area of the circle as equal to Ļ*a^2. x bar is equal to A*X/A= zero/Ļ*a^2 =0. This includes that the Cg lies on the Yā axis.

The details of the calculations for the first moment of area for the circle about the Yā axis and the value of the area are shown in the next slide image.
We have completed the subject of the area and Cg for a circle.
The next post will be on how to estimate the area and Cg for a circular shaft.
This is a link to a very useful site: Engineering statics open and interactive.